Mexico’s Natural Sinkholes
Cenotes are natural sinkholes or formations that are integral components of aquifers. They reside within specific geological depressions where groundwater from an aquifer is revealed due to the collapse of the cave’s natural ceiling. Formed primarily within limestone or saskab containing calcium and magnesium carbonates, they are predominantly located in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, and Guatemala. This is where porous and soft limestone bedrock allows acidic rainwater to permeate, forming an underground network of rivers known as the Sac Actun System. This system, the largest underground river system globally, connects all the cenotes, some originating from the largest underground river on Earth, the Sistema Sac Actun Cave System. Cenotes can also be encountered in other regions of the American continent, typically at varying depths.
In Quintana Roo alone, there are over 2,500 cenotes and 407 flooded caves, though not all are accessible to the public. Many remain concealed within the Mayan jungle. These natural landmarks offer ideal settings for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers, providing opportunities for diving, snorkeling, canoeing, kayaking, and paddleboarding. Numerous natural and theme parks incorporate cenotes within their premises, offering a plethora of exciting activities such as zip-line circuits, rappelling into cenotes, or exploring the trails of the Mayan jungle by bicycle or ATV.
Various Types & Diversity
The Yucatan Peninsula is renowned for its natural wonders. Offering a diverse array of experiences, from tranquil pools to diving spots, cenotes embody both the beauty and significance of the region's landscape. Revered by ancient civilizations and revered by contemporary society, cenotes serve as not just majestic attractions but also as vital ecosystems and cultural landmarks. In this exploration, we delve into the diversity and various types of cenotes, uncovering their unique characteristics and experiences they offer to those who plan to visit.
Understanding the Types of Cenotes
Open Cenotes:
Among the various types, open cenotes stand out as the most recognizable. They are typically surrounded by lush vegetation and diverse wildlife, often mistaken for lagoons or ponds. These cenotes feature fully collapsed vaults, offering a complete opening to the surface. Commonly situated in wetlands or nestled within mangroves, they contribute to the enrichment of coastal habitats.
Despite varying in shape and size, ranging from small pools to expansive lagoons, open cenotes naturally exhibit limited water flow. This restriction stems from the collapsed roof obstructing their connection to underground rivers. As the oldest type of cenote, they are frequently exposed over time due to erosion. Notable examples include Cenote Aventura, Lik’ Cenote, Cenote Azul, and Cenote Encantado.
Semi-Open Cenotes:
Combining elements of both open and closed cenotes, semi-open cenotes derive their name from this unique feature. Characterized by a pitcher-like shape, these cenotes feature a small opening at the top, gradually widening towards both the water's surface and bottom. Despite having a wide opening allowing more light and vegetation to enter, they are partially covered by rocks. Referred to as "mid-aged cenotes," their top vault remains partially intact, as it hasn’t completely collapsed due to time and erosion.
Accessing the water within typically involves navigating through the upper cavern. Once inside, sunlight filters through, ensuring good visibility within the cavern and over the water's surface. These cenotes have a beautiful atmosphere, with rays of light filtering through the gaps and creating stunning visual effects. Notable examples include the Ik-Kil cenote, Ha' cenote, and Gran Cenote.
Closed Cenotes:
These cenotes, also known as "cavern cenotes," are entirely underground and lack large openings to the surface. This distinguishes them as some of the "youngest cenotes," because being underground means that the effects of time haven't affected its structure yet. Characterized by circular shapes sealed by a vault, some may feature surface openings allowing sunlight to penetrate. Access to these cenotes typically involves navigating through narrow passages, caves, or tunnels at water level, leading to the crystal-clear waters within. Once inside, visitors are greeted by an abundance of stalagmites and stalactites, creating an intimate and mysterious atmosphere with subdued lighting. Notable examples of closed cenotes include Cenote Calavera, Dos Ojos Cenote, Chaak Tun Cenote, and Suytun Cenote.
“#Invest In Your Lifestyle.
Dive into the cenote while in Riviera Maya.”
